1. 施光亨(2003)`飞`陌`说：几十年来，我们编写了六七百册教材，有些生词不断地被解释、翻译，但是方法和思路没有多大改观，成为对外汉语教学领域中进展最为滞后的方
An awkward translation may actually push learners to notice the gap between his tacit knowledge and those of the target language, and therefore can be viewed as a facilitation of learning.