1. 典商
1. 山西典商经营的业务是多种多样的，既包括抵押放贷，也包括存款、钱票发行等多种业务，其业务管理和组织管理也是很严格的。
Business of Shanxi pawn merchant was various, including mortgage loan, deposit, note issue and so on. Management of business and organization was so strict.
2. 明清时期徽州典商极为活跃，徽典遍布于全国各地，徽典几乎成为典当铺的代名词。
In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Huizhou's pawn operators were very active and Hui'pawns were all over our country and they were almost the synonym of pawn stores.
3. 但就目前的研究现状来看，对山西典商的研究仍然近于空白，特别是缺乏系统研究成果。
However, research about Shanxi pawn merchant is nearly empty at present and lack systematical research results.
4. 本文第一章导论的学术史回顾部分，从与本文立意相关的角度分徽州宗族研究、徽商和社会变迁研究（其中又分徽商研究、徽州典商研究、徽商与社会变迁研究三方面）、区域地理研究、有关休宁的研究四个小节作了综述，大致梳理了这些研究专题的历史脉络，并在此基础上希望能对明清时期休宁县的社会经济变迁及其旅外商人作一探讨。
The Introduction of chapter 1 retrospects the history of research studies, and summarizes four sections as followed: clan research in Huizhou、merchants studies and social vicissitude of Huizhou、regional geographical research and the research related to County Xiuning. It helps to ravel the history of monograph and thus probe into the social economic changes of Xiuning in Ming and Qing Dynasty as well as the merchants trading away from home town.