1. A standing dead tree or tree stump, especially one killed by fire.
直立的死树站立的死树或树桩，尤指被火烧死的
2. Moreover, the proportion of gaps caused by cutting and tree falls decreased while the proportion caused by standing dead and broken trunks increased. Association analysis of the mode of gap formation showed that there were significant negative associations between trees that were cut and tree falls and between snapped trunks and tree falls. Association coefficients for trees that were cut were relatively high with all other modes of gap formation, but there were no other significant associations between other modes of gap formation.
表现为针叶树组形成木对林隙的贡献随时间降低，阔叶树组反之；砍伐和倒木是早期林隙形成的主要方式，而枯立和折干是近期林隙形成的主要方式。3林隙木形成方式关联度分析结果为砍伐与倒木、折干与倒木之间存在显著负关联，林隙其他各形成方式之间的关联不显著，但砍伐与其他形成方式的负联结系数均较高。
3. Study on age structure of dead standing tree in natural Larix gmelini stands
兴安落叶松天然林枯立木年龄结构的研究
4. The data of 19 plots in the natural stands of Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr., were used to analyze the age structure of the dead standing tree.
本文用兴安落叶松天然林19块标准地资料，分析了林分枯立木年龄结构；
5. The three-parameter Weibull function was adopted to fit the age gradation distribution of the dead standing tree in the stands. As shown by the X2-test, the three-parameter Weibull function is satisfactory for the purpose.
并用三参数Weibull函数拟合了林分枯立木的龄阶分布，经X~2-检验，结果表明拟合效果良好。