1. 运筹学：运筹学(Operational Research)是近几十年发展起来的一门新兴的应用性学科,是依靠定量方法进行决策的科学. 运筹学是指通过运用科学方法研究某一系统的最优管理和控制,或者分析研究某一系统的运行状况,以及系统的管理问题和生产经营活动.
2. 操作研究：1999年诺贝尔和平奖获得者Medecins Sans Frantieres结合直接医学计划改善当地居民健康,进行可操作研究(operational research)进一步弄清环境灾难与人类健康间的关系.
3. 作业研究：最近这两三年,我每年都会开作业研究(Operational Research)这门课程,是一门专门讨论最佳化的数学. 按照对实务的观察剖析,找出各种环境及技术的条件,据此建构出一套数学规划模式,投入经验数据后,寻求以最低成本达到最大效益的方案.
4. 操作性研究 操作性研究：operational objectives 操作对象 | operational research 操作性研究 操作性研究 | operational rule 运算规则
1. The regulator will reset the premium rate after it has done more research and analyzed operational conditions of insurance companies.
2. The venture said it will initially spend 2 billion yuan on a research and development center that is to be operational next year.
3. The year 2010 marked the start of China's offshore wind power sector's transition from research and pilot projects to operational wind farms.
4. Research and development, technologies and operational excellence are the keys to the transformation.