rudimentary

形容词退化的; 基本的，初步的; 发育不完全的，未成熟的

形容词

1. 最基本的：但原告主张说,本案涉及到的是最基本的(rudimentary)侵权法原则,因而初审法官在缺乏相反的证据的情况下,本应推定这些侵权法的原则在沙特已得到承认;因此,出示相反证据的责任在被告方,而该方并末使这种责任得到解除.

2. 简单的：理念具有多样性,可以是基本的、简单的(rudimentary),也可以是冗长而复杂的(elaborate可以是理论驱动性的(theory-driven)或常识性的(common-sensical),也可以是阐述性的(descriptive)或因果关系性的(causal).

3. 基本的,初步的：be doomed to sth. 注定...... | rudimentary 基本的,初步的 | swerve (车突然地)转向一边

4. 根本的, 未发展的：ruminate 反刍, 沉思 | rudimentary 根本的, 未发展的 | obstruct 阻塞;妨碍

1. 基本的;简陋的;不完善的
    Rudimentary things are very basic or simple and are therefore unsatisfactory.

    e.g. ...a kind of rudimentary kitchen...
           略显简陋的厨房
    e.g. They are deprived of the ability to exercise the most rudimentary workers' rights.
           他们被剥夺了行使最基本的工人权利的资格。

2. (知识)基本的，初步的，粗浅的
    Rudimentary knowledge includes only the simplest and most basic facts.

    e.g. He had only a rudimentary knowledge of French.
           他对法语只是略知皮毛。
    e.g. ...a rudimentary grasp of economics.
           对经济学知识的初步掌握

1. The captain and tour guide is obviously entertaining because everyone's laughing, though I can't understand much of what he's saying with my rudimentary German.

2. The adobe house above him was rudimentary at best, with a single bed and one chair.

3. Her rudimentary anus, urethra and genitalia are all located together but genital reconstruction will probably wait until adolescence.

4. Equipped with a pack of medicines and rudimentary instruments, these agrarian medics became known as " barefoot doctors ".

5. Getting water purification tablets to survivors and building rudimentary toilets remain the focus of efforts to fend off disease.

6. And as tuition fees and living expenses surge, the financial aid system for students remains in a rudimentary state.

7. Militants have fired hundreds of homemade rockets toward southern Israel in recent years, but the rudimentary weapons are inaccurate and frequently land in Palestinian areas.

8. Kindergartens are supposed to impart rudimentary knowledge to children, especially cultivate good living habits.

9. Rural residents were brought under the umbrella of a basic pension scheme and rudimentary health insurance was expanded to cover virtually all of China's population.

10. A rudimentary public finance framework compatible with the socialist market economy came into being.

adj